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胰島素
Insulin
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糖尿病普遍分為一型和二型。一型糖尿是由於胰島素分泌不足或缺乏而形成；二型糖尿則是因為身體對胰島素 出現抗拒，使肝臟、肌肉、和脂肪等組織不能對胰島素產生反應，而造成胰島素供不應求的情况。二型糖尿患者於後期也會出現胰島素分泌不足或缺乏的情況。

糖尿病一般須要靠藥物控制，一型糖尿患者必須注射胰島素，至於二型糖尿病人，在以下情況亦會需要注射胰島素；如病人出現急性併發症，嚴重感染，急性心臟病，腎功能衰竭，在手術前後，在懷孕期間或當口服降糖藥未能有效控制血糖時。口服降糖藥則適用於二型糖尿患者。

胰島素(Insulin)是一種荷爾蒙，可控制血糖水平，有助身體細胞將葡萄糖轉化成能量或儲存。由胰臟內的β細胞製造並分泌。胰島素的工作是幫助血糖進入身體細胞，使血糖維持在正常水平。它是一種蛋白質，功效會被腸胃的消化液破壞，故不能口服，一般都以皮下注射的方式吸收。

There are two types of diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes, results from the pancreas's failure to produce
enough insulin. Type 2 diabetes begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond
to insulin properly. As the disease progresses a lack of insulin may also develop.
Medications used to treat diabetes do so by lowering blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes must be managed with insulin injections. Type 2 diabetes with extreme hyperglycemia, on maximal doses of available combinations of oral antidiabetic agents who are not meeting glycemic targets should also be started on insulin. In most patients with type 2 diabetes, it is reasonable to initiate therapy with oral agents.

Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia).

Insulin currently cannot be taken by mouth because the digestive juices in your stomach and intestine
will break down the insulin before it has a chance to get into your bloodstream to do its job.